Horses

During the truly cold British winter of 1984/85, which was characterised by heavy snowfall nationwide and an average temperature of just 2.7°C, or 37°F, horse racing suffered a spate of abandonments, which, in turn, provided the catalyst for the introduction of all-weather racing. However, it was not until December, 1988, that the Jockey Club – which, at the time, still regulated the sport of horse racing in Britain – granted permission for Lingfield Park in Surrey, South East England, to construct a synthetic Equitrack course inside its existing turf course.

In those early, pioneering days, the racing surface of choice was Equitrack, which consisted of a mixture of graded grains of silica sand and oil-based polymer, laid to a total depth of six inches or so. Equitrack had risen to prominence following the installation of the acclaimed Al Bahathri gallop, under the auspices of Sheikh Hamdan Al Maktoum, in Newmarket in 1985. As it turned out, the surface had its problems, not least with inconsistency, which led to its eventual replacement with the superior, more reliable Polytrack surface in 2001.

Nevertheless, following a multi-million pound investment by the then-owners of Lingfield Park, Leisure Investments, which included an interest-free loan of £1.5 million from the Horserace Betting Levy Board (HBLB), the Equitrack course was laid, trialled and approved for racing. The inaugural all-weather fixture in Britain, sponsored by William Hill, was staged on October 30, 1989. All 12 races on the card were well subscribed, with at least 11 runners in each, but the opening contest, the William Hill Claiming Stakes (Div. I), over a mile, went the way of the 7/2 favourite, Niklas Angel, trained by Conrad Allen and ridden by Richard Quinn.

By way of clarification, the three-mile hurdling championship, previously and subsequently known as the Stayers’ Hurdle was, between 2005 and 2016, sponsored by Ladbrokes and Ryanair and renamed the World Hurdle. Nevertheless, the Grade 1 contest was still run over 2 miles, 7 furlongs and 213 yards on the New Course at Cheltenham, where, alongside the Ryanair Chase, it formed one of the feature races on the third day of the Cheltenham Festival, staged annually in March.

The 2009 renewal of the World Hurdle was significant insofar as it featured the first appearance of Big Buck’s, trained by Paul Nicholls, who would not only win at the first time of asking, but again in 2010, 2011 and 2012, during a then-record winning streak of 18 races. Originally campaigned over fences, Big Buck’s unseated his rider, Sam Thomas, at the final fence in the Hennessy Gold Cup at Newbury on his seasonal debut in 2008/09 and the decision to send him on a retrieval mission, back over hurdles, ultimately proved to be a stroke of genius.

Favourite for the 2009 World Hurdle, though, was the Kasbah Bliss, trained by Francois Doumen, who was making his third appearance in the race, having finished fifth behind Inglis Drever in 2007 and second, beaten just a length, behind Iris’s Gift in 2008. Fresh from an impressive, 8-length victory in the Rendlesham Hurdle at Haydock Park the previous month, the 7-year-old was sent off at 10/11 to follow up at the Festival.

However, having been held up at the rear of the field, Kasbah Bliss made headway to challenge at the second-last flight, but was outpaced on the run to the last and weakened on the run-in, eventually finishing fourth, 20½ lengths behind Big Buck’s. That provded to be his last appearance at the Cheltenham Festival and, indeed, over hurdles anywhere.

In horse racing parlance, the term ‘headgear’ refers to specific items of tack that a horse wears, predictably, on its head during a race and, in most cases, must be officially declared on the racecard beforehand. Of course, every racehorse wears a bridle, which fits over its head and to which the bit and reins are attached, thereby assisting the jockey to effectively control the horse. Strictly speaking, a bridle is an item of headgear but, as a basic necessity, does not need to be declared. The only other racing headgear does not need to be declared is a noseband or, in other words, a strap that fits over the nose and secures the bridle, which is commonly used to deter horses from opening their mouths.

Racehorse trainers apply headgear to their charges in an effort to improve their performance on the racecourse and various types are available to deal with issues arising from inexperience, lack of concentration and/or resolution and other temperamental difficulties. Blinkers, for example, come in several basic designs, but are essentially semi-circular plastic or leather cups, which are attached to the bridle on either side of the head, with the intention of reducing the peripheral vision of the horse. Thus, the horse is encouraged to focus on what is happening immediately in front of it, rather than the to the side or to the rear.

A visor is similar in design to blinkers, but features a slit in each eye cup, such that the horse has partial peripheral vision and remains aware of rivals on either side or to its rear. Cheekpieces, a.k.a. French blinkers, consist of strips of sheepskin attached to either side of the bridle and perform a similar function to blinkers or a visor, but are less restrictive than either. The other items of headgear that must be declared on the racecard are a tongue-tie which, as the name suggests, ties down the tongue to prevent breathing difficulties, and a hood, which covers the ears and restricts the extraneous noise the horse can hear.

Of course, Secretariat was arguably the greatest racehorse of the second half of the twentieth century and will always be remembered as the ninth winner of the American Triple Crown – that is, the Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes – in 1973. All told, the son of 1957 Horse of the Year Bold Ruler won 16 times and amassed a total of $1.32 million in prize money, or $9.1 million in modern terms, based on Consumer Price Index (CPI) data. Secretariat was, himself, named Horse of the Year in both 1972 and 1973.

However, to borrow an idiom from the Swabian dialect of southwestern Germany, ‘Even the best cat can’t catch every mouse’; even ‘Big Red’, as Secretariat was popularly known, was beaten on five different occasions during his brief, 16-month career.

Secretariat made his racecourse debut, as a two-year-old, in a maiden stakes race, over 5½ furlongs, at Aqueduct Racetrack, New York in July, 1972, for which he was sent off favourite. He was impeded at the start and, despite making up ground hand over first in the final two furlongs, could only finish fourth.Later in his two-year-old campaign, in October, 1972, Secretariat was first past the post in the Champagne Stakes at Belmont Park, New York, but was subsequently demoted to second place, having been deemed to have caused interference to the original runner-up, Stop The Music.

A further shock defeat followed in the Wood Memorial Stakes, his preparatory race for the Kentucky Derby, back at Aqueduct Racetrack in April, 1973. Secretariat had worked without his usual zest beforehand and was subsequently found to be suffering from a large, but hitherto undiagnosed, mouth abscess, but could only finish third, beaten 4 lengths, behind stable companion Angle Light. He was subsequently beaten into second place in both the Whitney Handicap and the Woodward Stakes, both in New York, but finished his three-year-old campaign with a 9-12 record, including the coveted Triple Crown, and a record seasonal prize money of $860, 404.