The organisation that became the Horserace Totalisor Board, a.k.a. the Tote, was originally created, as the Racehorse Betting Control Board, by then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Winston Churchill, in 1928. His intention was to provide an alternative to illegal off-course betting and to ensure that money from betting was put back into horse racing. The responsibility for the latter passed to the Horserace Betting Levy Board, established by the Betting Levy Act 1961 to compensate the sport for any losses following the legalisation of off-course betting shops, leading to the name change.
Nevertheless, the Tote remained a state-owned, state-controlled organisation until July 2011, when, under the Conservative/Liberal Democrat coalition government, it was sold, along with its betting shop estate, to Betfred, the bookmaking chain founded by British billionaire businessman Fred Done, for a reported £265 million. In May 2018, a consortium of investors known as the UK Tote Group bought a 25% stake in the Tote for a reported £20 million and, in October 2019, announced that it had completed the acquisition of the organisation, minus its betting shops, for a reported £115 million.
As far as the first British racecourse to have a Tote facility is concerned, there is a certain irony in the fact that on July 2, 1929 – just a month or after Churchill had retained his Epping seat, but nonetheless been ousted from office – Carlisle Racecourse operated Tote betting for the first time anywhere in Britain. Of course, Tote betting is not for everyone, granted that, as in all forms of pool betting, punters cannot determine the odds of return when striking a bet, but, even so, remains at least as popular as ever with racegoers, especially those who wish, for whatever reason, to avoid the betting ring.